The art of listening and compromising with women

As a midwife the art of listening is imperative, not only listening but hearing what the woman is saying and wanting. This in its self comes with its own inherent problems because as a midwife you know what a woman wants, however this can be like walking a tightrope as a midwife is bound by rules and regulations, therefore it is about the language you use and the compromising you can implement to satisfy both the woman and the institution.

Language is commanding, it is all in the way it is presented; an example would be; you are having trouble monitoring(cardiotocograph (CTG) a woman and she is having a syntocinon (a synthetic form of a hormone oxytocin) infusion for an induction of labour (IOL). It is important to monitor the baby’s heart rate through this procedure as sometimes babies have a negative reaction to the drug and it needs to be stopped. The policy states that a woman having a syntocinon infusion needs to be on a CTG –however in this instance you cannot effectively monitor the woman. What is the midwife to do? The midwife reports to the doctor, the instructions are “the woman must be monitored, put a fetal scalp electrode on”. The procedure is explained to the woman, a small, tiny hook is put on the scalp of the baby, so we can monitor the baby – the woman flatly refuses this option, a definite “NO”. Next: the woman is told, “If you don’t have the scalp electrode and we cannot monitor you, our policy states we must do this. Therefore we will stop the drug and you can walk around for an hour, and if you don’t have contractions, we will start the drug again and you HAVE to have the scalp electrode attached”.

There is something profoundly wrong with this statement: the language is authoritarian, demanding, controlling, there is no compromising, no listening, no discussion, and it creates fear and rebellion and backs the woman into a corner. There has to be a better way of walking the tight rope without losing our balance and falling off. It may be sometimes possible to hold the monitor in place enabling a good CTG reading, thereby giving a good outcome, however I acknowledge that this can be difficult.

What do you do if a woman is refusing best practice, policy, or guidelines?

The answer, discuss the issues in a non-threatening way; give the reasons / evidence why it is important to do whatever it is you want; get the doctor to discuss the issues with the woman; clearly document all discussions and the reasons why the woman is refusing the treatment, however ensure that the woman understands the implications for her decision. It is also a good idea to read back your notes to the woman so that she clearly understands the implications of the discussions and it is how she sees the situation.

At the end of the day the decision will lie with the woman, if she is of sound mind, she is able to consent to treatment or equally refuse treatment. Part of our job is to give her balanced information to enable women to make an informed choice.

A policy is usually best practice and is to be followed. A guideline is as it suggests a guideline that usually outlines how the policy works; both are usually well referenced and evidenced based. In a legal proceeding the policy and guidelines of the time are called to guide the current practice at the time and the expected care to be provided.

Midwives are not and should not be expected to be doctor’s messengers; if doctors have these sorts of explicit instructions, they should be discussing this directly with the client/woman and not expecting midwives to pass on these instructions. The ANMC Competency standards, code of ethics and code of conduct all state that collaboration is essential with health professionals, this means discussing and sharing finding the middle ground, not just regurgitate doctors sentiments, doctors need to be building this relationship with the woman to also find a way to compromise. Midwives need to be mindful of the issue of “failing to obey a doctor’s order” this is a whole separate blog which I will be doing very soon. Working within a system you could face disciplinary action or be sacked for “Gross misconduct”…. Watch this space.

It must be remembered that the woman is the consumer, with her own freely chosen subjective preferences and desires. Doctors tend to practice paternalism – thinking that they know best. Paternalism in medicine is defined as acting for the welfare of the woman, often interfering with or disregarding the woman’s autonomy. Doctors need to find the middle ground.

Autonomy means ‘self-rule’, to act autonomously a woman needs liberty and independence from controlling influences, it is the right to hold your own views. As a midwife we walk a tightrope, balancing the woman’s needs, the requirements of the regulatory bodies and doctors recommendations…….the bottom line remains if a woman is of sound mind, well informed of her choices, she can refuse any treatment, however she needs to clearly articulate these choices together with the possible implications of her choice.

ref pic: http://lukespad.wordpress.com/

The challenge of collaboration:

http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines/publications/cp124

I have written about collaboration in the past and it still seems elusive, however a few of my esteemed colleagues have managed to gain some sort of formal collaboration. The word ‘collaborate’ means ‘to work with another, cooperate’. However so far, the collaboration has been limited to antenatal and postnatal care, and intrapartum care being only provided by the doctor. When it comes to continuity of midwifery care, through all phases of pregnancy the problem arises when the woman goes into labour - the birth is still in the realm of the doctor. The woman goes to hospital and is cared for by the doctor, they still hold onto this part. However I have noted that times and attitudes are changing and maybe given a little more time the doctors will not be so territorial regarding ‘normal low risk’ births.

I would dearly love to see women with the opportunity to have a midwife in their home for the early part of labour, to support, encourage, nurture and be with woman. Keeping the woman in their own environment with a midwife until they are ready to go to hospital in established labour, this could prevent the cascade of intervention and we would have more normal births.

I do wonder whether the threat of things going wrong and not in the doctors control; in other words the threat of litigation is the motivator, together with no real benefit for the doctor to collaborate with the midwife. What is the incentive for the doctor to collaborate? Maybe if we a sign a Medicare no to "collaboration" doctors might do so... Most doctors I have written too are happy to continue as they have for the past years; however the issue is, that women are requesting midwives and continuity of midwifery care, it is time for change.

NHMRC was commissioned by the Dept of Health to develop national guidance on collaborative maternity care as part of the national maternity reforms they produced a whole document about the process of “Collaborative Maternity Care”. This was to encapsulate maternity care collaboration placing the woman at the centre of her own care, whilst supporting the health professionals who care for her. Thus ensuring her cultural, psychological and clinical needs were met. The NHMRC produced a pamphlet for women to help explain collaboration; I have yet to see this document widely distributed.

The pamphlet explains to women that

“Midwives provide care to women during pregnancy – from conception until early parenting in collaboration with other health care providers. Midwives can provide most aspects of ‘low risk’ pregnancy, labour and birth, and postnatal care to women. They may need to refer you to, or talk with, a doctor or other services if you or your baby have or develop problems”

Obstetricians & GP “Provide specialised care for mothers and babies in collaboration with other health care providers. They can look after women with “routine” and “complicated” pregnancies and births, and provide labour and birth care in hospitals.

Pregnancy is a very special time for women and families, it is very important to ensure you are getting quality safe care including informed choice from your service provider, whether it is an obstetrician, midwife or GP Obstetrician. That your choices are being heard and respected, you also have the right to say ‘no’ to treatments you do not want, don’t ever be afraid to ask for a second opinion.

Collaboration is about working in partnerships with each other in order to facilitate the wishes of the woman and her family. Recently I experienced true collaboration with a hospital in facilitating a woman’s birth, what we need is the Determination of July 2010 overturned or amended for midwives to collaborate with a Health Service, rather than an individual doctor.

Here’s to ‘continuity of midwifery care’, every woman having the opportunity to have a midwife and doctors and midwives working in partnership.

What you need to do if you want to be a Private Practice Midwife in WA

Western Australia is unique in many ways, but particularly in the area of Midwifery, it is the only State in Australia where you have to declare your intention to practice midwifery as a private practitioner to the Health Dept. In principle I think it is important for the regulatory body to know who is practicing independently, however I think rules pertaining to this should be National, not state by state. However despite my personal views it remains that for WA you need to register your intention to practice privately (independently).Therefore it is important to take several steps:

1. Ensure you are eligible to practice midwifery
2. Be a registered midwife (NMBA - AHPRA)
3. Review recency of practice standards
4. There are no rules as to how long after registration that you can practice privately(exemption until July 2013)
5. Review Health Act Regulations 1914 Midwives Notification
6. Lodge the form to the Health Dept (your intention to practice) Notification
7. Secure Insurance (VERO or MIGA) all private practice midwives (independent) must have insurance
8. Review guidelines for insurance (NMBA - AHPRA)

Medicare for Midwives: for this you need to be an Eligible midwife (private/independent)

An eligible midwife has completed three years midwifery covering antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal care.

1. Complete Midwifery Practice Review (or equivalent) (ACM)

2. Review the application form for addition of notation as an eligible midwife
3. Currently registered as a midwife, with no restrictions

4. Current competence to provide pregnancy, labour, birth and postnatal care to women and their infants.

5. Midwifery experience that is equivalent to three years full time post initial registration as a midwife.

6. Formal undertaking to complete within 18mths - course for prescribing (course has to be approved by the Board)
7. 20 additional hours per year of continuing professional development relating to the continuum of midwifery care.

That's it, not much to do.....but please remember to register with the Health Dept your intention to practice privately. Also remember there is currently no insurance for Homebirth.
We need more eligible midwives, so please consider taking up the challenge, and offering women continuity of midwifery practice.

No Collaborative Agreements: No equality or justice:

12 months on and I still do not have access or a collaborative agreement:

As a private practice midwife I have not been able to secure a written collaborative agreement or access to hospitals to facilitate the care of my private clients; Unfortunately for the women of WA, there is only one Tertiary hospital and to date this hospital has not supported the role of the 'eligible midwife' or women's choice to be cared for by a private midwife within the tertiary hospital setting. This is totally unacceptable and goes against the governments National Maternity Plan initiative.

There have been many obstacles to try and implement midwifery reform within Australia: To date as far as I am aware there are a handful of collaborative agreements and no credential pathways for access to hospitals for private midwives:

If you remember the National Health Collaborative Determination July 2010 outlines the requirements for private midwives to work within the community; This Determination is clearly not working; for whatever reasons, personal or professional 95% of Obstetricians / GP Obstetricians are not choosing to enter into a formal collaborate agreement with midwives; There has to be a better system in place that does not require midwives to be reliant on Obstetricians who clearly do not want to collaborate -this effectively puts a midwife out of business, and gives women little or no choice. This will not stop women, they will just birth without a midwife.

I have written to over 50 Obstetricians, receiving only 3 responses (negative): the latest response being:

"I do not intend to enter into one of these agreements...... Planned birth at home is clearly associated with higher rates of both perinatal morbidity and mortality and I cannot support it"

.... he went on to wish me well in my venture..... Just how well does he think I am going to do with no hope of getting a collaborative agreement? Maybe that is the plan! This appears to be the general attitude of Obstetricians in WA. The evidence clearly supports homebirth for low risk women, however my request was for continuity of midwifery care not homebirth.

The Determination has to be changed or rescinded to stop the monopoly and control of doctors over midwives, this system is clearly not working;

Just taking a step backwards;

From November 1 2010, women receiving midwifery care could claim a Medicare rebate for services rendered from an eligible midwife:

On 12 November 2010, the National Maternity Services Plan (the Plan) was endorsed by the Australian Health Ministers’ Conference.

The Plan recognises the importance of maternity services within the health system and provides a strategic national framework, as endorsed by state, territory and Commonwealth Governments for the five year period 2010-2015

Within the first 12 months the plan's priority 1 was to:

1.2.1 Australian governments facilitate increased access to midwifery-managed models of care for normal risk women, e.g. midwifery group practice or birthing centres, while maintaining support for choice of, and access to, medically managed
models of care. Australian governments facilitate increased access for public patients to midwifery and medical practitioner continuity of carer programs

1.2.2 Jurisdictions develop consistent approaches to the provision of clinical
privileges within public maternity services, to enable admitting and practice rights for eligible midwives and medical practitioners

NOT ACHIEVED - the first year has passed and we are no closer to achieving these outcomes;

It is apparent that women are not being offered true choice within maternity services and Health Services are required to be more flexible. The evidence is clear that midwifery continuity of carer affords better outcomes for women; it reduces intervention and provides for improved parenting. This includes homebirth as an option for uncomplicated pregnancies. Therefore it is imperative, to achieve the strict intention of the National Maternity Services Plan, to protect mothers, babies and achieve best outcomes in maternity care, the Australian Health Ministers need to provide PII insurance for Intrapartum care at home for uncomplicated pregnancies, rescind the current Determination requiring written collaborative arrangements with an obstetrician and compel local Health Districts / Services to provide clinical privileges for eligible midwives, as a matter of urgency.

Ref: picture: http://www.ontheissuesmagazine.com/2010summer/2010summer_Ross.phpA Feminist Vision: No Justice-No Equity by Loretta Ross - My mother always asked the question, "Why would I want to be equal to men, when I've been superior to them all my life?"

Head on the chopping block – HOMEBIRTH:

Homebirth the hot topic: combine that with autonomy, women’s choice of place of birth no matter what the risk factor and you have an explosive cocktail and a subject that will divide a nation. There has been much written on this subject and sadly what is bringing it to the forefront again is term foetuses (babies) dying at home, with or without a health professional.

In 2009 there were 30,760 women giving birth in WA and the average age was 29.5yrs, the majority of women (98.8%) gave birth in hospital. Non Hospital births 1.2% including Born Before Arrival (BBA) (0.4%) and babies born at home (0.8%). The caesarean section rate was 33.3% (10,241) of the women recorded as having had a previous caesarean section 87.1% had a repeat section. What we need to be doing is reducing the caesarean section rate and concentrating on is promoting normal birth.

In 2010 WA had 245 homebirths, 203 occurred with the Community Midwifery Program and 42 homebirths with private practice midwives. We have 19 private practice midwives registered with the Health Dept and 5 eligible midwives.

This debate about homebirth revolves around less than 1% of women, not that I am suggesting that their views are not important; however there are 99% of women that need midwifery input to improve their birth experiences. It seems that a disproportionate amount of time is spent on homebirth in relation to the work that needs to be done to improve maternity services for all women.

I will start with my position as a midwife on the subject in the current Australian context;

Do I believe that women have the right to choose where and how to give birth? YES.

Do all women need a midwife throughout the continuum of pregnancy, birth and postnatal period? YES.

Should homebirth be an option for all women? The evidence shows that homebirth is safe for uncomplicated pregnancies.

Should all women have a midwife? YES

Should high risk women birth at home supported by a midwife? This is the six million dollar question; professionally and personally I would answer NO, based on the lack of protection for the midwife to facilitate this choice. However it is not that simple; usually women who are choosing homebirth for high risk pregnancies have experienced some sort of birth trauma, are extremely fearful of hospital and usually have knowledge of the associated risks, each case needs to be evaluated individually. It is unfair to label all these women as zealots or radical. What needs to happen is to listen to what the issues are and find more flexible ways to support these women providing continuity of midwifery care, collaboration with an obstetrician within a safe health system.

What is a problem is if midwives / or de-registered midwives keep supporting high risk homebirth without collaboration and health service support. Recently there have been several high risk homebirth deaths. If the term fetus (babies) keeps dying in the homebirth setting we will be endangering homebirth for uncomplicated pregnancies. Worse still women will lose their autonomy because the term foetus will be afforded more rights similar to what has happened in the USA. Currently in Australia a foetus has no rights under law until born alive, but this concept is being challenged.

What needs to happen is that health services need to be more flexible, by having visiting rights for private practice midwives allowing them to bring their women into hospital and continue to caring for them. When fearful women present they should be facilitated to birth in a low risk setting such as a secondary hospital or birth centre supported by the tertiary hospital. Specialist obstetricians could travel to see the women and support the secondary hospital – it is about being flexible – considering the psycho-social issues of the women. Having all high risk women being herded into a hospital like cattle is giving them no choice or options therefore creating more fear. Remembering there is established legal principle that a mentally competent woman can refuse treatment. It is no wonder that these women choose to birth at home or freebirth. Freebirth is an unsafe and unacceptable practice and Health Services are failing women if this is the only option they feel they have.

We as midwives need some sort of supervision or mentoring system to support us in difficult clinical situations therefore allowing us to support these women. We need legislative changes to protect the midwife to stay with women no matter what the risk and where she chooses to birth, we need health services to be more flexible and supportive. We need women to be demanding that Health Services and Doctors be flexible, it’s about open communication and negotiation.

Three questions:

What do you think about the homebirth debate?
Would you have a high risk birth at home?
Would you freebirth?



Ref: WA Mothers and Babies 27th Annual Report – Midwives Notification System
photo credit: http://offthebroiler.wordpress.com/2006/11/21/death-of-a-turkey/

Inspired.....

It's been a difficult week and I am sure next week the news will be all about Homebirth and midwives... so brace yourselves: Today I rekindled my passion, after a hard week.

“Courage is going from failure to failure without losing enthusiasm.” – Winston Churchill

I was delighted when I was asked to talk to a group of midwives who wanted more information about becoming a eligible midwife, we certainly need more: I was greeted by approximately 10 wonderful midwives and a consumer, all keen to learn more about setting up their own business and eligibility: we spent the next two hours discussing the current issues for midwives and some of the difficulties that we are facing as a profession. Whilst I acknowledged that we have some difficulties, I do think that we need to continue to put pressure on the government to follow through on the Maternity reforms; issues such as visiting rights for eligible midwives, so that continuity of midwifery care is an option for all women.
What I found fantastic about today was the interest and that it was younger midwives who traditionally have worked in a hospital who are embracing these new challenges and thinking about working in a different model of care, being more autonomous and wanting to work in the community...which is best for women, and what we all strive for...they were looking for ways of making it work within their current settings....it was really exciting to work with them to suggest the best ways forward for change... it is very important to have change agents spread out to inspire and encourage these changes; change is about knowing people, its about being passionate.... change sticks when people embrace it..and that is what we have to do... I see such potential in midwives being able to set up antenatal clinics....working side by side with Obstetricians, shared care - and six weeks postnatal care that we can provide in the woman's home, how brilliant is that? once a few people start doing it...the knock on effect will be phenomenal.... the issue is that the doctors are fearful of losing control ...and we all know when people are fearful they do things they would not normally do:

Yes we are currently experiencing some issues and that's because this whole concept is new, there is much change and not just small changes they are all huge... National Registration, new Act, insurance, Medicare provider numbers: no wonder we are all reeling with fear.... these are catastrophic changes - independent midwifery has never been so regulated... and this all creates an atmosphere of mistrust: we have to work together...

I found it refreshing today to meet so many midwives that were keen to begin to think about working within a different model of care and this gave me great hope for the future...we need to embrace the changes and work together to implement different models of care...and challenge the medical model, with this comes a word of caution.... the consumer demand has to be present; women need to want 'continuity of midwifery care'.

We still have some major hurdles to overcome with the maternity reforms: collaboration, indemnity insurance, visiting rights and more midwives to take up eligibility.

“The greatest barrier to success is the fear of failure.” – Sven Goran Eriksson

Confusion reigns.......

A sad state of affairs: it seems that continuity of midwifery care is the last thing on anyone’s political mind:

To say I am confused would be an understatement; two urgent issues: Insurance and the practice role of a midwife: for months I have been asking the question can a Midwife be a support person or advertise as a doula? to me a Midwife is a Midwife is a Midwife, not a doula or support person.....these are all roles within the scope of a midwife...I remember as a registered nurse you could not work as a career I would think the same would apply to midwifery; however due to the recent kerfuffle surrounding private insurance for midwives and the requirements of the regulatory agency... midwives have been looking at different ways of presenting themselves to elevate some of these problems and still support the woman and her choice. I have written twice to NMBA asking for clarification on this issue... Today a colleague highlighted to me that on the AHPRA website under frequently asked questions; ‘Regency of Practice’ gives a definition of what is meant by ‘Practice’ http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/FAQ.aspx

Q2. What is meant by ‘Practice’?
A. Practice means any role, whether remunerated or not, in which the individual uses their skills and knowledge as a nurse or midwife. For the purposes of this registration standard, practice is not restricted to the provision of direct clinical care. It also includes working in a direct non-clinical relationship with clients, working in management, administration, education, research, advisory, regulatory or policy development roles, and any other roles that impact on safe, effective delivery

In effect this means if you are a registered midwife you cannot act as a support person or a doula, because we have the knowledge and skills of a midwife.....this has far reaching repercussions and when you add the recent problem with the MIGA insurance into the picture it gets worse.

The MIGA cover clearly states you are not covered for

“midwifery services which are provided by you to a public patient (even if the public patient is in a private hospital).

This then leads me to the question when you are working in a hospital and you finish your shift and you stay back to support the woman because you choose too...because of the bond you have with your woman...this may be seen as interference as the woman may look to you for a clinical decision... in effect this will not be permitted as you will not be covered by the hospitals vicarious liability insurance because your role is a midwife not a support person.....I may have got the wrong end of the stick, but what’s good for one is good for all....

We as midwives are now backed into a corner... One would think with the Medicare provider number and the maternity reforms midwives would be rejoicing ...however the long arduous road to credentialing / visiting rights to hospitals have created many problems; the process is taking too long; the inability of obstetricians to agree to collaborative arrangements have left the maternity reforms in tatters....and the personal cost to many midwives trying to make this work is enormous; I am paying MIGA for the privilege to be insured only to find that I am not and its good money going out the window, I don’t have money to waist, however it seems that MIGA is profiting very well from this venture. At the end of the day both women and midwives are suffering here and the process are very unclear.... the only time you find out that something is wrong is when you have been reported... this is all unacceptable.

I have had good support from the Minister of Health WA, Office of the Chief Nurse/Midwife and the Chief Medical Officer, however this is not enough, no one can make collaboration happen:
As for collaborative arrangements, I have written over 40 letters to GP Obstetricians and Obstetricians asking for a collaborative agreement and have had one response, politely saying ‘no’. Where does this leave me...absolutely no where?
The other day I went with my client to meet her obstetrician, you know build bridges, be nice etc and he could barley look at me...he never addressed me once, there was no professional courtesy. How are we to move forward when we are met with such resistance.... it is a sad state of affairs. My client employed an independent midwife so that she could have continuity of care with a midwife, she choose a midwife for her knowledge and experience to enable her to facilitate the birth she wants knowing that the midwife would support her through this process.... this now is even a problem.

I also pay premium insurance through MIGA and it seems for nothing: I have no hospital access, no collaborative arrangement; yes I do have women booked, now I am in a quandary what to do; that I cannot be a support person because this may be a reportable offence this leaves us nowhere to move......my only saving grace is that I have access to a hospital as a casual midwife but this is only a temporary solution so one client is safe...as for the others I will have to bare the consequence as I have committed to being a support person... something has to give soon. I may have to look at not booking anyone further until the processes are in place and who knows when that will be...

Please if anyone has any further news on this issue let me know...
Very frustrated and disillusioned eligible midwife: